{"fact":"Crows can understand abstract rules and concepts, going beyond simple stimulus-response associations, much like in a matching game where they can pick cards based on \"same\" or \"different\" rules.","context":"Crows indeed apply these rules successfully with novel images, indicating that they had formed an abstract concept ‘same versus different’ that they could follow on demand based on rule cues [13].  During electrophysiological recordings, the most prevalent activity in NCL represents the behavioral rules, while abstracting over sample images and sensory modalities of the rule cues.","source":"Andreas Nieder, Inside the corvid brain—probing the physiology of cognition in crows, 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.02.005","index":13}